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Sexual violence by intimate partners varies by country and can reach as high as 25% of the women having been subject to forced sex. In some countries forced sex, or marital rape, often occurs with other forms of domestic violence, particularly physical abuse.
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In many countries a substantial proportion of women experiencing physical abuse also experience sexual abuse or marital rape. In Mexico and the United States, studies estimate that 40–52% of women experiencing physical violence by an intimate partner have also been sexually coerced by that partner.[1][2] Sometimes, sexual violence occurs without physical violence,[3] In the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, in a representative sample of over 6000 men, 7% reported having sexually and physically abused their wives, 22% reported using sexual violence without physical violence and 17% reported that they had used physical violence alone.[4]
Findings from these studies show that sexual assault by an intimate partner is neither rare nor unique to any particular region of the world. For instance, 23% of women in North London, England, reported having been the victim of either an attempted or completed rape by a partner in their lifetime. Similar figures have been reported for Guadalajara, Mexico (23.0%), León, Nicaragua, (21.7%), Lima, Peru (22.5%), and for the Midlands Province in Zimbabwe (25.0%). The prevalence of women sexually assaulted by an intimate partner in their lifetime (including attempted assaults) has also been estimated in a few national surveys (for example, Canada 8.0%, England, Wales and Scotland (combined) 14.2%, Finland 5.9%, Switzerland 11.6% and the United States 7.7%).
The table below summarizes some of the available data on the prevalence of sexual coercion by intimate partners.
Percentage of adult women reporting sexual victimization by an intimate partner, selected population-based surveys
1989 - 2000 |
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Country | Study population | Year | Sample size | Percentage assaulted in the past 12 months attempted or completed sex | Percentage ever assaulted attempted or completed forced sex | Percentage ever assaulted completed forced sex |
Brazil | São Paulo | 2000 | 941 | 2.8% | 10.1% | |
Pernambuco | 2000 | 1188 | 5.6% | 14.3% | ||
Canada[5][6] | national | 1993 | 12300 | 8.0% | ||
Toronto | 1991 to 1992 | 420 | 15.3% | |||
Chile[7] | Santiago | 1997 | 310 | 9.1% | ||
Finland[8] | national | 1997 to 1998 | 7051 | 2.5% | 5.9% | |
Japan | Yokohama | 2000 | 1287 | 1.3% | 6.2% | |
Indonesia[9] | Central Java | 1999 to 2000 | 765 | 13.0% | 22.0% | |
Mexico[10] | Durango | 1996 | 384 | 42.0% | ||
Guadalajara | 1996 | 650 | 15.0% | 23.0% | ||
Nicaragua[11][12] | León | 1993 | 360 | 21.7% | ||
Managua | 1997 | 378 | 17.7% | |||
Peru | Lima | 2000 | 1086 | 7.1% | 22.5% | |
Cusco | 2000 | 1534 | 22.9% | 46.7% | ||
Puerto Rico[13] | national | 1993 to 1996 | 7079 | 5.7% | ||
Sweden[14] | Umeå | 1991 | 251 | 7.5% | ||
Switzerland | national | 1994 to 1995 | 1500 | 11.6% | ||
Thailand | Bangkok | 2000 | 1 051 | 17.1% | 29.9% | |
Nakhon Sawan | 2000 | 1027 | 15.6% | 28.9% | ||
Turkey[15] | East and south-east Anatolia | 1998 | 599 | 51.9% | ||
United Kingdom[16][17] | England, Scotland and Wales | 1989 | 1007 | 14.2% | ||
North London | 1993 | 430 | 6.0% | 23.0% | ||
United States[18] | national | 1995 to 1996 | 8000 | 0.2% | 7.7% | |
West Bank and Gaza Strip[19] | Palestinians | 1995 | 2410 | 27.0% | ||
Zimbabwe[20] | Midlands Province | 1996 | 966 | 25.0% |
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